فرض کنید می‌خواهیم بگوییم هر یک ساعت، یک قطار وجود دارد. باید بگوییم:
There is a train every hour.
این کاربرد there را در درس قبل، یاد گرفتیم.
در آنجا صحبت فقط درباره زمان حال بود. در این درس، ابتدا There is و There are را به زمان گذشته می‌بریم:
The time now is 11:15.
There was a train at 11:00.
بعد آن را در زمان حال کامل و آینده ساده بررسی می‌کنیم.
There was / There were
شاید بهترین روش برای توضیح این موضوع این باشد که جملاتی را از زمان حال ساده به زمان گذشته ساده تبدیل کنیم
چند نمونه جمله برای There is / There are در زمان حال:
There is nothing on TV tonight.
We are staying at a very big hotel. There are 1,250 rooms.
Is everything OK? Are there any problems?
I’m hungry, but there isn’t anything to eat.
چند نمونه جمله برای There was / There were در زمان گذشته:
There was nothing on TV last night.
We stayed at a very big hotel. There were 1,250 rooms.
Was everything OK yesterday? Were there any problems?
I was hungry when I got home, but there wasn’t anything to eat.
همانطور که انتظار می‌رود، در جملات زمان گذشته ساده، به جای is و are، فرم گذشته افعال to be یعنی was و were را به کار می‌بریم.
[درس مرتبط: was و were]
There has been / There have been
در زمان حال کامل هم به جای is و are یا was و were از has been و have been استفاده می‌کنیم.
Look! There’s been an accident. (there’s been = there has been)
This road is very dangerous. There have been a lot of accidents.
[درس مرتبط: زمان حال کامل]
در اینجا توجه به تفاوت زمان گذشته ساده و حال کامل و تفکیک آنها ضروری است:
There was an accident last night (There has been an accident last night.)
[درس مرتبط:تفاوت حال کامل و گذشته ساده]
There will be
در شکل زمان آینده ترکیب There is و There are به جای is و are از will be استفاده می‌کنیم:
Do you think there will be a lot of people at the party on Saturday?
The president of the company is leaving, so there will be a new president soon.
I’m going out of town tomorrow. I’m packing my things today because there won’t be time tomorrow.
(there won’t be = there will not be)
مرسی عالی
عالی بود،ممنون
تشکر