در درس‌های متعددی در مورد منفی کردن جملات صحبت کردیم. به عنوان مثال وقتی زمان گذشته ساده را بررسی می‌کردیم، درباره منفی کردن آن هم صحبت کردیم.
در این درس‌ها دیدیم که برای منفی کردن از فعل کمکی مناسب آن جمله استفاده می‌کردیم.
در این درس، تمام حالات منفی کردن یک جمله را در یکجا بررسی می‌کنیم.
| نمونه جمله | شکل منفی (negative) | شکل مثبت (affirmative) |
|---|---|---|
|
I’m not tired. |
am not (‘m not) |
am |
|
It isn’t (or it‘s not) raining. |
is not (isn’t) |
is |
|
They aren’t (or They’re not) here. |
are not (aren’t) |
are |
|
Ryan wasn’t hungry. |
was not (wasn’t) |
was |
|
The scores weren‘t open. |
were not (weren’t) |
were |
|
I haven’t finished my work yet. |
have not (haven’t) |
have |
|
Sue hasn’t been to Mexico. |
has not (hasn’t) |
has |
|
We won’t be here tomorrow. |
will not (won’t) |
will |
|
john can’t drive. |
can not (can’t) |
can |
|
I couldn’t sleep last night. |
could not (couldn’t) |
could |
|
You shouldn’t work so hard |
should not (shouldn’t) |
should |
|
I wouldn’t like to be an actor. |
would not (wouldn’t) |
would |
|
They must not have a car. |
must not |
must |
برای منفی کردن هر جمله، از فعل کمکی مرتبط با آن زمان استفاده می‌کنیم. برای مثال، برای منفی کردن زمان حال ساده، از don’t و doesn’t استفاده می‌کنیم:
| work / like / go , etc |
do not (don’t) |
I / we / you / they he / she / it |
و برای منفی کردن زمان گذشته ساده، باید از didn’t استفاده کنیم:
| work / like / go , etc |
did not (didn’t) |
I / we / you / they / he / she / it |
در اینجا مثال‌های متعددی را برای منفی کردن زمان‌های حال و گذشته ساده آورده‌ایم:
I want to go out. -> I don’t want to go out.
They work hard. -> They don’t work hard.
Liz plays the guitar. -> Liz doesn’t play the guitar.
My father likes his job. -> My father doesn’t like his job.
I got up early this morning. -> I didn’t get up early this morning.
They worked hard yesterday. -> They didn’t work hard yesterday.
We played tennis. -> We didn’t play tennis.
Olivia had dinner with us. -> Olivia didn’t have dinner with us.
یک کاربرد دیگر don’t، در جملات منفی امری است :
Look! -> Don’t look!
Wait for me. -> Don’t wait for me.
[درس مرتبط : جملات امری ]
گاهی do می‌تواند فعل اصلی جمله باشد، به منفی کردن جملاتی که فعل اصلی آن‌ها do است توجه کنید:
Do something! -> Don’t do anything!
Sue does a lot on weekends. -> Sue doesn’t do much on weekends.
I did what you said. -> I didn’t do what you said.