زمان گذشته استمراری در انگلیسی

زمان گذشته استمراری

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قبلاً زمان حال استمراری را یاد گرفتیم و گفتیم این زمان اشاره به فعالیت و عملی دارد که الان در حال انجام شدن است.

مانند موقعیت زیر:

It is 6:00 now. Rob is home. He is watching TV.

زمان گذشته استمراری هم دقیقاً مربوط به چنین فعالیت و عملی است که در گذشته انجام می‌شده است.

At 4:00 he wasn’t at home. He was at the gym.

He was swimming in the pool. He wasn’t watching TV.

تصویر زیر  می‌تواند به فهم این زمان کمک زیادی بکند:

جدول صرف زمان گذشته استمراری در انگلیسی (جمله خبری و مثبت-منفی-سوالی)

حال که با مفهوم این زمان آشنا شدیم، لازم است شکل خبری، منفی و سوالی آن را صرف کنیم.

گذشته استمراری در شکل خبری یا مثبت دو بخش دارد: was یا were بسته به مفرد یا جمع بودن فاعل آن و فعل ing دار :

فعل	was /were	فاعل
doing	was	I
watching	was	he
playing	was	she
swiming	was	it
living	were	we
doing	were	you
watching	were	they

شکل منفی آن، تنها یک تفاوت با شکل مثبت دارد: not را به بعد از was و were اضافه می‌کنیم:

فعل	was not /were not	فاعل
doing	was not (wasn’t)	I
watching	was not (wasn’t)	he
playin	was not (wasn’t)	she
swiming	was not (wasn’t)	it
living	were not (weren’t)	we
doing	were not (weren’t)	you
watching	were not (weren’t)	they

برای سوالی کردن این فعل هم کافیست جای فعل را با was یا were جابجا کنیم:

فعل	فاعل	was / were
?doing	I	was
?watching	he	was
?playin	she	was
?swiming	it	was
?living	we	were
?doing	you	were
?watching	they	were

اجازه بدهید چند نمونه جمله را با هم ببینیم:

What were you doing at 11:30 yesterday? Were you working?

“What did he say?” “I don’t know. I wasn’t listening.”

It was raining so we didn’t go out.

In 2009 we were living in Japan.

Today she’s wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was wearing pants.

I woke up early yesterday. It was a beautiful morning. The sun was shining and the birds were singing.

مقایسه زمان گذشته استمراری و زمان حال استمراری

ممکن است گاهی دو زمان حال استمراری و گذشته استمراری را با هم اشتباه بگیریم.
باید دقت کنیم که حال استمراری در مورد حال است و بخش اول آن am یا is یا are است.
اما گذشته استمراری مربوط به گذشته است و بخش اول آن was یا were است.
بد نیست چند جمله زیر را با دقت بخوانیم و به تفاوت معنی این دو زمان بیشتر دقت کنیم:

I’m working (now).

It isn’t raining (now).

What are you doing (now)?

I was working at 10:30 last night.

It wasn’t raining when we went out.

What were you doing at 3:00?