زمان گذشته استمراری
قبلاً زمان حال استمراری را یاد گرفتیم و گفتیم این زمان اشاره به فعالیت و عملی دارد که الان در حال انجام شدن است.
مانند موقعیت زیر:
It is 6:00 now. Rob is home. He is watching TV.
زمان گذشته استمراری هم دقیقاً مربوط به چنین فعالیت و عملی است که در گذشته انجام می‌شده است.
At 4:00 he wasn’t at home. He was at the gym.
He was swimming in the pool. He wasn’t watching TV.
تصویر زیر می‌تواند به فهم این زمان کمک زیادی بکند:
جدول صرف زمان گذشته استمراری در انگلیسی (جمله خبری و مثبت-منفی-سوالی)
حال که با مفهوم این زمان آشنا شدیم، لازم است شکل خبری، منفی و سوالی آن را صرف کنیم.
گذشته استمراری در شکل خبری یا مثبت دو بخش دارد: was یا were بسته به مفرد یا جمع بودن فاعل آن و فعل ing دار :
| فعل | was /were | فاعل |
|---|---|---|
| doing | was | I |
| watching | was | he |
| playing | was | she |
| swiming | was | it |
| living | were | we |
| doing | were | you |
| watching | were | they |
شکل منفی آن، تنها یک تفاوت با شکل مثبت دارد: not را به بعد از was و were اضافه می‌کنیم:
| فعل |
was not /were not |
فاعل |
|---|---|---|
| doing |
was not (wasn’t) |
I |
| watching |
was not (wasn’t) |
he |
| playin |
was not (wasn’t) |
she |
| swiming |
was not (wasn’t) |
it |
| living |
were not (weren’t) |
we |
| doing |
were not (weren’t) |
you |
| watching |
were not (weren’t) |
they |
برای سوالی کردن این فعل هم کافیست جای فعل را با was یا were جابجا کنیم:
| فعل | فاعل | was / were |
|---|---|---|
| ?doing | I | was |
| ?watching | he | was |
| ?playin | she | was |
| ?swiming | it | was |
| ?living | we | were |
| ?doing | you | were |
| ?watching | they | were |
اجازه بدهید چند نمونه جمله را با هم ببینیم:
What were you doing at 11:30 yesterday? Were you working?
“What did he say?” “I don’t know. I wasn’t listening”
It was raining so we didn’t go out.
In 2009 we were living in Japan.
Today she’s wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was wearing pants.
I woke up early yesterday. It was a beautiful morning. The sun was shining and the birds were singing.
مقایسه زمان گذشته استمراری و زمان حال استمراری
ممکن است گاهی دو زمان حال استمراری و گذشته استمراری را با هم اشتباه بگیریم.
باید دقت کنیم که حال استمراری در مورد حال است و بخش اول آن am یا is یا are است.
اما گذشته استمراری مربوط به گذشته است و بخش اول آن was یا were است.
بد نیست چند جمله زیر را با دقت بخوانیم و به تفاوت معنی این دو زمان بیشتر دقت کنیم:
I’m working (now).
It isn’t raining (now).
What are you doing (now)?
I was working at 10:30 last night.
It wasn’t raining when we went out.
What were you doing at 3:00?
سلام خسته نباشید ممنون از زحماتتون
قبل از جدول صرف افعال گذشته استمراری، جمله ای که نوشتید یه مشکل کوچیک داره؛ به جای گذشته نوشتید حال:
_حال_ استمراری در شکل خبری یا مثبت دو بخش دارد: was یا were …
ممنونم محمد عزیز
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